Category Archives: Lars Iyer

Days in the Sun

What are you about?

My girl. And the sweet air from my garden. Through my French doors.

You don’t have a girl. Or French doors. Or a garden.

Faith in a swerve in my life. That’s what I’m about. I’ll round some corner one day and there’ll she’ll be.

Do you think it’ll ever happen?

We could go on holiday to Italy, or something, my girl and I. imagine that. To the Mediterranean. I’ve never been to the Mediterranean. In fact, I don’t think I even believe in the Mediterranean. Is there any such place as the Mediterranean?

I wouldn’t know.

You sound about as well travelled as I am… Anyway, we couldn’t afford it, my girl and I. Or only if the university paid for it. Only if there was a conference there, for which I could claim expenses. Wouldn’t that be something?

She and I could fly out. And she’d get even more suntanned. And wear her big floppy sunhat. And be even more gorgeous. Effortlessly. Chicly. And I would have to delight her. That would be my job: to delight her. I’d become a delighting-my-lover machine. In the Mediterranean!

My soul would grow… expand. I’d open myself to everything. To the whole world. What’s the opposite of an agoraphobe?

An agora-phile, I guess.

I’d be one of those, an agora-lover. An agora-phile. I’d never want to be indoors again. Or rather, I’d understand the inside to be but a temporary folding of the outside. A temporary enclosure. And I’d understand the point of life was to unfold all the foldings… To turn everything to the light.

We need to be brought outside, you and I. By our lovers. We need to be educated in the arts of life. In fine food and fine wine. Fine dining. Fine life.

So I have to have a lover as well?

We’ve studied too long. We’ve been in the dark too long. We need to plunge into life for ourselves. We’d need to be there, in the midst of life. Splashing around in the surf, or whatever.

I can’t actually swim.

Nor can I.

Or drive.

Me, neither.

Or do DIY. Or anything…

You and me both.

You have to be able to do some of these things in a relationship.

But our lovers would embolden us. They’d make us do stuff. Backstroke. Hand point turns. Getting handy with hammer and nails… 

My girl would teach me the art of a good posture. I’m getting a widow’s hump, from looking down at my laptop screen. My posture’s terrible. My girl would show me how to look up at the sky. Crane my neck upwards…

What would you actually do in the Mediterranean?

Throw a beach ball to each other, or something. Punt it to and fro on the sand. Or play beach croquet.

Is that a game?

Or boules. Or we’d just sun ourselves. Or take a dip. Anyway, the crucial thing is that we wouldn’t talk about work. Or writing. I like the idea of that.

The coast is the great clue to life, that’s what I think. Actually, I’ve thought that for a long time. I think that’s what I moved out here, to the coast. I was in search of life. I liked the idea that life might be possible. And why wouldn’t it be? Even for me! Maybe that’s all I need: the idea that life might be possible. That there might be a girl. Some sweet girl. My girl. Who would she sit on the sofa as I worked.

Or garden.

Or garden. Such a beautiful idea.

There are beautiful things, philosopher. She’d be in love with me, and I would obviously be in love with her, and wouldn’t that be fine? She’d look over at me and I’d feel it in my heart. Like a stab in my heart. I’d catch my breath. I’d think: she’s so beautiful.

And she’d be looking to me. For life. For adventure. And that’d be the making of me. I’d become an adventurous person…

And sometimes she’d need me for reassurance. To tell her I loved her. It’d matter to her, that I loved her. Imagine that! She’d look to me for affection, for attention, for whatever. And I’d be good for something. I’d praise her beauty.  And her grace.

I’d be an expert in her beauty. Her own private connoisseur. It’d be like The Duke of Burgundy, did you ever see that. She and I, that’s all. No one else, pretty much. On our figurative island. Me with my work and she with… whatever it is she was doing. Learning parts for the theatre. Practising her guitar. Or just – gardening. She’d be happy, gardening.

We could take tea in the garden – in our imaginary garden. Imagine it, taking tea. Sipping tea. From China cups. Pouring tea from my teapot. In the garden, in the sun.

It’s always sunny, in my fantasy. Because it’s never sunny here. That’s the problem with the coast…

The days in the sun. The days of the sun. In the northeast England sun. We’d have a car. Imagine that: being able to afford a car. To run a car. We’d drive around the Northumberland countryside. We’d get to know it.

We’d have a convertible. We’d drive along, playing great music. Summer music. Motorik stuff. Harmonia stuff. Michael Rother solo stuff. Neu! stuff. I’d choose the music. She’d be delighted. That would be my job. To entertain her. To find the right music for her. And I’d like that. That would be what I was for: to delight her.

And driving. I can actually drive, in my fantasy. I’d have had lessons, passed my test. I could drive. And I even had a car. An unaffordable, impossible car. And I’d drive her around. We’d have daytrips. We could plan them. Consult maps. Plan out a lovely day for ourselves. A jolly time…

Driving along, on the open roads. Country roads. They’re so beautiful, the country roads. Summer with my beloved. My beloved making sense of summer. My beloved and I making use of the summer. Doing together what summer was for…

And we’d stop off somewhere lovely. Like the beach by Bamburgh Castle. And walk along together.

And I’d be wondering what I’d done to have such a beauty on my arm. And she’d like being the beauty on my arm. And we’d walk along, my liking the beauty on my arm and she liking being the beauty on my arm. And wouldn’t that be just dandy?

I’d pour our tea. And she’d been out and bought us friands, or something. Some treat. A friand each. On a China plate. And the plate and the teacups on a very pleasing tray that we’d found in some antique shop.

Because we’d go shop for things. For our ground-floor flat. For our garden. We could go to garden centres, or something. Have you ever been to a garden centre? Or to an antiques shop? It’d be the garden centre and antiques shop phase of my life. Everyone has to have one. The domestic phase.

It’d be just a phase, though. It wouldn’t last forever. These thing don’t. And it would be agony breaking up. So painful. But in the end, it’d be for the good. In the end, it’d be what was best. It would have been a phase, that’s all. An island rising out of the sea of my life. A blessed period. Necessarily finite. It couldn’t last. It would have to have a beginning – and an end.

She’d realise I was too in love with my work, or something. That I was too busy with whatever it is I do. With my writing. With my burgeoning academic career…

Laughter.

Composing my oeuvre.

Laughter.

More likely I’d be sacked. The department would be closed down. I’d be out on my ear, and no way to make a living. No way to afford our lifestyle.

Or maybe she’d tire of the northeast. Maybe there wouldn’t be enough adventures for us. We’d done everything that there was to be done in the area. Taken every daytrip. Had enough lovely days out. What more would there be to do?

She’d move on. Find another lover, in some other part of the world. London, or somewhere like that. Somewhere more glamorous. And with someone with a bit more money than me. Someone who could take her out and show her things and do things with her. Maybe they’d take city breaks. Fly here and fly there, if we’re still allowed to fly.

And she’d send me an email every now and again. She’d remember my birthday. She’d send me birthday wishes. A tender email here and there. A tender text. An old photo of us in our car – in our convertible. Imagine that, owning a convertible! Wearing head scarves!

That would bring it all back to me, our time together. But I’d have our summers together to draw on, in my winters of the soul. I could treasure the memory. Turn it over in my head. It could warm me, when things get cold, and dark. I’d remember her, her beauty, her youth.

Because youth is part of it. She wouldn’t be all old and crabbed, like me. She’d be young and a little naïve and beautiful. I’d have been her Educator. I’d show her stuff. Teach her stuff. Not the depressing stuff, I’d keep that from her. Not the world-doom stuff. Not the plans-of-the-maniacs stuff.

No: the good stuff. The cultural stuff that she’d like to know about. I’d be an expert in an art gallery. I’d know my way around a bookshop. She’d like that, for a while. She’d be impressed, for a while. But the life of an academic wouldn’t really be for her. The intellectual life wouldn’t be her life. So the relationship would have to end, in the end. It would be a phase for me, just as it was a phase for her.

So would you end up with an academic?

Maybe. Possibly. Later on. Much later on. I’d shack up with some fellow academic. It’d be a relationship of convenience. Pure expediency. Someone with whom I had something in common. Someone with whom I wanted to present a united front. It wouldn’t necessarily be sexual. I like the young, not the old. I wouldn’t be attracted to someone like me. That wouldn’t be what I was looking for.

But in the end, out of loneliness. Maybe. Someone to keep cats with. Two cats. Someone to share a bed with, maybe. But would I really want to share a bed? All dried up. And dull. But I’d have my memories of my youthful love affair.

You have it all planned out.

I do, don’t I. So planned out that it doesn’t actually have to happen. She doesn’t have to exist, and I don’t have to get a car, and we won’t have our Duke of Burgundy life, our island. We won’t take tea in the garden – there won’t even be a garden. Or French doors. And not even a sofa for her to sit on.

And I’ll be just fine. And I’ll just grow older and older, and die someday. And that’s it. That’ll be a life. And it’s all I need. Because I have this job, right? We have our jobs. We were given this chance, which is all we ever wanted.

— Lars Iyer, from here

Meta

Whitley Sands.

Walking up the beach.

Are you worried you’ll be seen? I ask.

Maybe I’d like to be seen, Priya says. With my … young … lover.

What about your couple friends: what if they saw you? I ask.

Fuck my couple friends, Priya says. God, they’re to blame for a million dull evenings. I’ve done my time …

Walking.

It’s like there’s some absolute divide between us and everyone else, Priya says. Because we’re in lurrve. We’re, like, a loving elite. Who feel their love more intensely than anyone else. Who live more intensely. I mean, love … makes you feel exalted, doesn’t it? It makes you high. You feel like some secret aristocrat. Who knows the secret of everything …

Lovers are always in love with themselves – that’s the thing, I say. With their love. With their being in love. It’s a recipe for smugness.

You always have to be a downer on everything, Priya says.

Nature’s thrown us a treat and we’re supposed to be grateful, I say. To moon over one another in gratitude. When really it’s part of the whole machine.

What machine? Priya asks.

The natural machine, I say. This is nature’s honey trap. That’s what it’s called isn’t it: when they lure you in via someone pretty? Some hottie specifically sent out to target you? … See, nature wants us trapped. Confined. Seeking all our salvation from romantic love …

So where should we seek it? Priya asks.

In being against nature, I say. In not just being grateful for what we’re given. I mean, we think romance is an exception. That we’ve been given all this as a special gift. All these feelings … This elation … This craving … It’s all it’s supposed to be. That’s the very sane madness of lovers. Our rational irrationality. Our law-abiding prohibition. To which we totally succumb …

But it is an exception, Priya says. It’s like a reprieve. It’s like we’ve been let off from ordinary life. The usual rules don’t apply, right? We’ve got an exemption. A pass …

Sure, it’s like a reprieve, I say. It’s like we’re exempt.

God, you’re so meta, Priya says. You can’t just experience stuff. You can’t just give yourself over to things.

Can you? I ask.

This is our … secret kingdom, Priya says. The secret just between the two of us. That no one will know but us. How we are together. How we talk to each other. Tease each other. Our … gestures, or whatever. The way we fuck, even … Something … new has come into the world. Don’t you feel that?

It doesn’t matter what we feel, I say.

Look around you, Priya says. The sky’s doing its sky thing, the sea’s doing its sea thing. And we’re supposed to be doing our lovers on the beach thing. Just being happy, or whatever. And instead, we have to be meta. Have to talk about life instead of living it. We have to ask our questions.

It just means we’re conscious, I say. We’re awake.

It means we’re detached and in denial, Priya says.

Look: this is how we talk, I say. This is what we have in common. We ask questions. We don’t just give into … feelings … We’re not animals, are we? We’re not plants …

You want us cut us off from everything, Priya says.

I want us not to subject to everything, I say. To, like, every passing feeling. Even love. Even infatuation. You know what lovers are like. Aren’t we lucky? they think to ourselves. Why can’t everyone be as lucky as us? And then they become, like, love-evangelists. Trying to pair up their friends, or whatever. Telling everyone the story of their romance. How they got together. About how the world relented. When the remorseless logic of it all pulled back for a few moments. When they were granted an apparent reprieve.

So what do you want to say: that love’s just hormones, or something? I say. That it’s nature’s way of making us reproduce. Of keeping us pair-bonded just long enough to gestate a baby and see it through the first year of life, or whatever.

I don’t want to say that either, Priya says. Or I want to say more than that. Maybe it’s natural for think we can be against nature. Maybe that’s human hubris. Come on, just feel things, philosopher. Let yourself go. Plunge into life.

Life isn’t some plunging in, I say. Life is being suspicious of all plunging in.

Don’t you want to burn with love? Priya says. Have your heart set aflame? Don’t you feel that’s possible?

— Lars Iyer, Void (novel in progress)

Armageddon

They want to fuck up our hippocampuses. The ability to learn. Our emotional stability. That’s what they want to target. To create a new neural network in the brain. Rewiring the human nervous system. To trap us in Hell.

It’s neurodegeneration everywhere. All around us. It’s all conformity, obedience. People are turning into zombies. Their frontal lobes are fucked. The high centres of the brain. All the fine tuning’s gone. All the subtlety. Humane thinking. Empathy. All going. Love – the capacity to love. Civilization’s the central cortex. That’s what they’re demolishing.

They’re creating the kind of masses that they want.

This is Armageddon. This is the apocalyptic battle. Taking evil to a level never before seen.

Satan is behind this. Someone who hates the world as it is. Who hates creation as it is. Where it’s not enough to own everything living, but to take possession and control living things in their essence.

It’s out in the open. They’re not trying to sneak up on the herd anymore.

There’s aluminium, barium, strontium in rain. The rain, like, foams.

They don’t need us to make money, they don’t need our taxes, they print money for whatever they want.

The mercantile era is coming to an end. This is the neo-feudal era.

They’re breaking in the new system. Everything’s lined up – every major logistical element.

The population is a liability. They want to thin out the herd.

It’s cognitive infiltration. They’re letting the IQ points fall.

We’re being prepped. They’re programming us – remote controlling us.

It was a slow-kill programme. Now it’s a fast-kill programme. Things are speeding up.

They’re going to modify every species on the planet.

We’re in tune. We sense things. The shifting narratives. There are so many battle fronts. So many battle lines.

The ownership of humans: that’s what they’re aiming at. The ownership of the entire world. The digitalisation of everything that can be traded or used as a medium of exchange.

— Lars Iyer, from a novel in progress

Time passing.

Weeks at David’s house. We live deep in time, deep in life. And it’s like we’ve found some secret valley of time. Some secret plateau. Some opening of time in time. Some secret flowering.

The days are taller somehow. Their roof is higher…

Lars Iyer

I bet you can see right through us

Walking Simone to the bus stop.

What do you see when you see the moon, Donny?, Simone asks.

The Earth’s dead daughter, I say. The moon’s made of bits of Earth. The same stuff as Earth. Did you know that?

No, Simone says.

There was a collision three point five billion years ago, I say. Some runaway planet smashed into the Earth … And all the debris came together to make dear old Luna …

I didn’t know that, Simone says.

The coldest place in the universe is in the craters of the moon, I say. Completely untouched by sunlight.

I didn’t know that either, Simone says.

The moon shines to mock us, I say. To remind us of the indifference of it all. Of the fact that there’s no one bending over our cradle. No one singing us lullabies. The fact that no one knows or cares about our lives …

I don’t think that’s true, Donny, Simone says.

I’m glad, I say. I’m glad you don’t think it’s true. I wish it wasn’t true … You must think we’re idiots.

I don’t think that, Simone says.

The way we talk … Maybe Gita’s right …, I say. There’s something about you. I’ll bet you can see right through us … Can you see through me? I feel that you can. Do you know all my secrets? Do you know what I’ve seen?

I don’t know what you’ve seen, Donny.

Terrible things, I say.

I believe you, Simone says.

Horrors and terrors, I say.

Silence.

Simone, stopping to talk to a homeless man. Giving him money.

The homeless man, thanking her. God bless you. The homeless man, lifting up his tiny dog for Simone to pet.

Walking on. 

The bus stop.

Waiting for the bus.

You’ve heard us talk, Simone, I say. Maybe we talk too much. Maybe we drink too much, but you’ve heard us. We’ve seen through the world. We know that this isn’t how it has to be … We’re not attached to the world. We’re not invested in it.

We’re posthumous, right? We’re post … graduates, I say. Which means we’re already dead. That we died some time ago. We died in the world. The world killed us, each of us. And now we’ve been kind of resurrected with our scholarships. Our studies are a kind of afterlife …

Sometimes I think we’re the end of something, I say. Of some dreadful process. Of some process of degradation. We’ve seen everything. We’ve seen it all. We know the law of the world. The unlivability of the world.

There’s nothing to tie us to life, I say. There’s nothing we want from our future. Because what could change in our future? It’s always the same, always more of the same, always the same old universe of death, over and over …

Sometimes, I think the point is that we have to go to the end – right to the end: to set the controls for the heart of the nihil, I say. To fly right into the nihilist storm. We have to live out our horror to the end. To drive our disgust as far as it can go. Until there’s no more nihilism left. 

And sometimes … I’m sorry, I’m sorry, I’m talking too much …, I say.  But there’s so much evil … So much injustice … Is Manchester a good place gone bad, or a bad place with bits of the good?

Simone, silent, looking into my face..

You hate the world, too, Simone – I know it, I say. You’re no different to us. You found the world unbearable and you became a PhD student, just as we did. Is that true?

Simone, silent, looking.

Listen: God draws ever closer, she says. I know it. God will mend us – that’s what believe, Simone says. God will heal us. God will use us to engage with evil and disaster and brokenness and hopelessness. Listen, Donny: We will be found. We will be healed. We will be forgiven. We will be joyful.

How? What do we have to do?, I ask.

Pray …, Simone says.

I don’t know how to pray …, I say

Ask to be remade in the image of God, Simone says. Ask to be sculpted into the image of Christ. Cry out and say, Father, find me, I am your child. And you will be welcomed home. You will be found by the father who made you.

There will be so much love, so much joy, so much reconciliation, so much healing, Simone says.

Is that true?, I ask.

He will set fire to our hearts, Simone says.

Is it true?, I ask.

Pray for a new Pentecost of God, Simone says.

You’re going to help us, I say. And we need help. The whole city needs help …

The 143, pulling up.

Who are you, Simone?, I ask. Why are you like this? Did you just beam in from a hundred years ago?

Pray for me, Simone says, smiling. As I will pray for you.

Simone, getting on the bus.

Do you want me to come with you?, I say. Walk you home? Manchester’s full of crazies.

Good night, Donny, Simone says.

— Lars Iyer

Vistas

The student hall.

Outside.

Through the grounds.

The high spiked fence around the perimeter.

Holding the horror back, I say.

Only just, Gita says. It’s scary out here … There’s a bad moon rising, Donny.

It’s always bad, I say.

There it is, showing its face to us, Gita says.

That’s not a face, I say. That’s the opposite of a face. That’s just death, staring out.

Funny no one goes up there anymore, Gita says.

What – to the moon?, I say. Why would you bother? What’s up there?

I thought they wanted to build some giant telescope on the moon’s dark side, Gita says. To see further into space. And further back in time. All the way back to the Big Bang.

The Big Fucking Mistake, more like, I say.

Silence.

Looking back at the hall.

Imagine it without the student annex, I say. Without the refectory out back. Just the old mansion.

Sure it’s pretty, Gita says. It’s a real idyll.

They use it as a film set in the holidays, I say. They film exteriors here. Old cars crunching up on the gravel, and the like.

It’s a real let’s-pretend place, Gita says.

See the way the old mansion pulls the whole setting together?, I say. The way it gathers the grounds around it. The lawn? The trees? …

It’s like my old school, Gita says.

This whole place is like an island, I say. A little patch of green in the midst of all the horrors and the terrors. And do you see the way they laid this path – all winding? There are corners you can turn and suddenly everything opens up … They had a real sense of drama, back then.

I’ll bet you’re the only one who sees this place as what it is, Gita says.

As what it was, I say.

Maybe you’ll become warden one day, Gita says.

I can’t, I say. That’s for professors at the uni.

So maybe you’ll be a professor, Gita says.

The uni will probably sell it off, I say. It’s always being threatened. These places can’t survive.

You should just be Lord of Manor, Donny, Gita says. You could wander the grounds, hands behind your back.

I’d rather be a groundskeeper, I say. I should have been a landscape gardener instead of … whatever it is I do.

Do you know the names of the trees, Donny? Do you know their names?

That’s a horse chestnut, I think. And that’s an old English oak.

My favourite bench, by the flower beds.

Sitting, smoking.

Looking into the wardens’ conservatory.

Beautiful, Gita says. It’s like some National Trust property.

See, it isn’t horror everywhere, I say. There are exceptions. There’s a real expanse to this place. An ease. It suspends the law of the world. It’s like you’ve pressed a giant pause button on … everything else … There are views that matter – that’s what I think. That lift you out of everything. There are landscapes …

You’re a real nature-boy, Gita says. Someone’s going to love you for this kind of talk. You’re going to fascinate someone. Someone will rally to your cause. Someone’s going to love you, and someone’s going to love me. We’re both very loveable.

I’ll dream of this view in fifty years’ time, I say. It’ll be the last thing I see before I die.

Silence.

I’ve known things – terrible things, I say. In the home. I’ve seen real evil.

Silence.

People talk about the banality of evil, I say. The evil of pen-pushers, just following orders, just being good Nazis or whatever. But this wasn’t banal …

The horrors and the terrors. I’ve seen them. I’ve known them. They’re insatiable, I say. You can’t give them enough. It’s just … greed.  And we were like … trapped animals.

I’m sorry, Gita says.

It’s like Antichrist – did you ever see that?, I say. Chaos just fucking … reigns. One day I’ll go mad from … chaos.

But you have your vistas, Donny. You have your grass and your tennis court and your trees …

I see a darkness, I say. I see a fucking darkness, swallowing up the world. Putting out the stars. Swallowing up the sky. Swallowing up me and swallowing up you.

God, Donny …, Gita says.

I see a darkness – that’s all I see, I say. And sometimes I can forget it, and sometimes I can’t. Sometimes it feels too thick, and that it’s choking me. And sometimes … It lets me breathe.

Silence. Gita’s hand on mine.

I shouldn’t have said those things, I say. It’s too much, I know that.

Say anything you like, Donny, Gita says.

I’m about this far from insanity, I say. This far … Will I have to go mad? Is it inevitable? There are these distances … in my head …

You’re not going to go mad, Donny, Gita says. You’re never going to go mad. Look at the moon. Look at the night. It’s all dead, but you’re alive. And sane. And here. You survived everything … I love you Donny.

Don’t say what you don’t mean, I say. Don’t say it.

I love you, Gita says. Not in that way, but I do.  And one day, someone’s going to take you away from all this. Someone’s going to love you and save you. Someone good, who knows what beauty is. And truth. Who knows what truth is, too.

— Spurious, from a novel in progress

Another, ghostly life

I often dream of finding myself back in the suburbs, back before I received my PhD scholarship to pursue my studies in continental philosophy — before I could return to Manchester and leave the suburbs behind. And I dream of the strange expansiveness of the suburbs too — of their very indefiniteness, the way they seem to sprawl forever.

I used to go cycling under the white skies, and air felt thick and heavy. But I could never leave the menace behind — that “eternullity,” as Blanchot calls it; that “infinite wearing away.”

It is this “eternullity” that is, I think, so difficult to affirm. What would have happened if I’d never found my way into Reading University Library, if I’d never discovered continental philosophy, if I’d never won my scholarship and moved away? 

There is, I think, another, ghostly life of mine that I’d never have the strength to affirm, in which I would have stayed stranded in those afternoons, alone with the “infinite wearing away” that belonged to them.

Lars Iyer

The Moment

Photos of my forthcoming book, published by Splice.

The Moment 1

The Moment 2

The Moment 3

The Moment back cover

Animals

Sometimes, he cannot help but think that animals are close to the divine.

It is we who were expelled from paradise, he says. Not the animals.

The world outside of mind we can know only from the beast’s face, he says. He is quoting.

He cannot help but think that animals show him something. That an animal is nothing but that — showing.

There is a lesson he is being taught. There is a lesson that animals are trying to teach him. But how can he heed it?

What an animal is — is obvious. It is there, simple. As to what a human being is …

What would an animal say if it were able to speak? Of course, but animals remain on the other side of speech. On the far side of speech. Still, all the animals around us can be understood to interrupt our speaking, he says. To cut across it.

He has always thought of himself as awaiting the Word which will release him. It seems to him that it is this Word which resides with animals, on the side of animals.

The animal exists in a state of grace, of that he is sure. The animal is already in paradise.

— Lars Iyer, Wittgenstein Jr.

 

The hills are unaware that we are watching them, he says. The trees. The insects. This is what is marvellous.

No one is watching us, he says. Nothing sees us.

But at other times, it frightens him, this ‘no one is watching us’. It’s as though not-watching itself is watching; as though the sky, which sees nothing, sees everything in that seeing-nothing.

We can have no secrets from the sky, he says. We are read by the sky.

— Lars Iyer, Wittgenstein Jr.